Volume 4, Issue 1: التغيير السياسي لدى حركات الإسلام السياسي بين الفكر والممارسة (الإخوان المسلمين في مصر نموذجاً)
Fadi A Jumaa
السياسي
الفكر
الممارسة
يهدف البحث إلى دراسة مفهوم التغيير السياسي لدى جماعة الإخوان المسلمين، وسلط البحث الضوء على مراحل تطور العلاقة بين النظم الحاكمة في مصر وجماعة الإخوان المسلمين، وتناول البحث صعود الإخوان السياسي ووصولهم للسلطة ليمثل نقطة تحول مفصلية في التاريخ السياسي للجماعة في مصر، وأشار البحث إلى إخفاق الإخوان في الحكم،وأن التغيير الذي حدث لمصر لم يعالج الخلل والقصور والفجوات التي عانت منها مصر، واعتبر البحث تجربة الإخوان المسلمين في مصر مرجعية أساسية في فهم تطورات الحركات الإسلامية وتحولاتها في الوطن العربي، وتمثلت مشكلة البحث في الأسباب الرئيسة التي أدت لدى حركات الإسلام السياسي بين الفكر والممارسة.وتم الاعتماد على المنهج التاريخي والوصفي لتشخيص حالة الحركات الإسلام السياسي وللوقوف على أثر التجربة الإسلامية على الواقع السياسي العربي. وخلص البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: أن الإسلام السياسي مصطلح يطلق على الحركات الإسلامية التي تسعى إلى الوصول للسلطة لإقامة دولة دينية تطبق مبادئ الإسلام والشريعة الإسلامية عن طريق العملية الديمقراطية، وأن بروز الحركات الإسلامية السياسية لم يكن نتيجة قوتهم التنظيمية فقط، وإنما نتيجة ضعف خصومهم السياسيين، وأن التقدم الكبير الذي حققته التيارات السياسية الإسلامية، صاحبه تراجعات عميقة.
Ibrahim Al-Najjar and others, Dalil Alharakat Al-Islamiah Fi Al-Alam, Cairo, Center for Political and Strategic Studies, 1st Edition, 2006
Ahmad Al-Mosulli, Jadliat Alshura Waldimuqratiah: Aldiymuqratiat Wahuquq Al-insan Fi Alfikr Al-islami, Beirut, Center for Arab Unity Studies, 2006
Ahmed Ban, Bayna Almughalatat Wataghyir Altawajjuh: Mustaqbal Al-ikhwan Bayn Alsilmiah Wal-Unf, Cairo, The Regional Center for Strategic Studies, The Case of Egypt, Issue 17, 17 June 2015
Ahmed Auf, Harakat Al’islam Alsiyasii Walsultat Fi Alalam Alarabii Alsu’ud Wal’uful, Cairo, Dar Al-Arabi for Publishing and Distribution, 1st Edition, 2010
Ahmed Ghanem, Althawrah Almisriah Min Manzur Siasiy Wasiosolijiy Waiqtisadi, Cairo, National Library for Publishing, 1st Edition, 2012
Jamal Sanad Al-Suwaidi and Ahmad Rashad Al-Safti, Harakat Alislam Alsiyasiy Walsultah Fi Alaalam Alearabii Alsu’ud Wal’uful, Abu Dhabi, Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 1st Edition, 2014
Jamal Shaker Al-Badri, Alsaif Al’akhdar Walusuliah Aliislamiah Almuasirah, Damascus, Dar Al-Pages for Studies and Publishing, 1st Edition, 2007
Zakaria Suleiman Bayoumi, Alakhwan Almuslimin Bayn Eabd Alnnasir Walsaadaat “Min Almanshiah Iila Alminassah” 1952-1981, Cairo, Wahba Library, 1987
Samia Imam Said, Min Yamlik Misr Dirasat Tahliliah Lilusul Alijtimaeiah Liliinfitah Aliqtisad Fi Almujtama’ Almisriy 1974-1980, Cairo, Dar Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi House, 1st Edition, 1986
Stephen Brook, Tatawurat Alsiyasah Albritaniah Tijah Alislamiyyin “Fi Alhukumat Algharbiah Walislam Alsiyasiy Ba’d 2011”, Dubai, Al-Mesbar Center for Studies and Research, 2013
Soliman al-Hakim, Asrar Alelaqat Alkhassah Bayn Abd Alnnasir Walikhwan Almuslimin, Cairo, Arab Civilization Center for Media and Publishing, 1st Edition, 1996
Samir Markus, Al’imbiraturiah Al’amrikiah Thulathih “Althrwah – Aldiyn – Alquah” Min Alharb Al’ahliah ‘Iilaa Ma Ba’d 11 September, Cairo, Sunrise Library, 2003
Sayed Saleh, Rijal Aleadalah A’laa Qaimah Alightial, Cairo, Al-Ahram Daily Newspaper, No. 46958, 3rd Edition, July 1, 2015
Diaa Rashwan, Dalil Alharakat Al’islamiah, Cairo, Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, Volume One, 2006
Abdul Rahim Mustafa, Tatawur Alfikr Alsiyasiy Fi Misr Alhadithah, Cairo, Institute for Arab Research and Studies, 1st Edition, 1972
Abdullah Imam, Eabd Alnnasir Wal’iikhwan Almuslimin, Cairo, Dar Al-Mawkif Al-Arabi, 2nd Edition, 1981
Abdullah Fahad Al-Nafisi, Alfikr Alharaki Liltayarat Al’iislamiah, Kuwait, Al-Rabee’at Publishing and Distribution Company, 1st Edition, 1995
Essam Abdel-Shafi, Alsiyasah Al’amrikiah Walthawrah Almisriah, Cairo, Bashir House for Culture and Science, 1st Edition, 2014
Antara Bin Marzouq, Aldawlah Almadaniah Fi ‘Ajindah Alharakat Al’iislamiah Bayna Taeqidat Alfikr Watahadiyat Almumarasah, Berlin, Arab Democratic Center for Strategic and Economic Studies, 1st Edition, 2018
Kamal Mogheeth, Alharakat Al’iislamiah Fi Misr Fi Aleasr Alhadith, Cairo, Center for Studies and Information for Human Rights, 1st Edition, 1988
Fahmi Howeidi, Alquran Walsultan, Cairo, Dar Al-Shorouk, 4th Edition, 1999
Muhammad Hassanein Heikal, Mubarak Wazamanuhu: Maza Jara Fi Misr Walaha, Cairo, Dar Al-Shorouk, 1st Edition, 2013
Muhammad Hassanein Heikal, Muzakkirat Fi Alsiyasah Almisriah, Cairo, The General Authority for Cultural Palaces, Part II, Edition 1, 2010
Muhammad Metwally, Misr Walhayat Alniyabiah Walhizbiah Qabla A’m 1952 Dirasah Tarikhiah Wathayiqiah, Cairo, Dar Al-Thaqafa Publishing and Printing, 1st Edition, 1980
Muhammad Emara, Al’islam Alsiyasiy Waltaeadudiah Alsiyasiah Min Manzur Iislamiy, Abu Dhabi, The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 1st Edition, 2003.
Muhammad Emara, Azmat Alfikr Al’iislamiy Almueasir, Cairo, Middle East Publishing House, 1st Edition, 1990
Mahmoud Ismail, Al’islam Alsiyasiu Bayna Al’usuliyyin Waleilmaniyyin, Kuwait, Arab Sail Foundation, 1st Edition, 1993
Mahmoud Jameh, Waearifat Al’ikhwan, Cairo, Islamic Publishing and Distribution House, 1st Edition, 2000
Noha Abdullah Al-Sadmi, Al’islam Alsiyasiy Fi Alsharq Al’awsat Wajanub Sharq Asia, Cairo, Madbouly Library for Publishing and Distribution, 1st Edition, 2014
Hisham Al-Awadi, Sirae A’laa Alshareiah Al’ikhwan Almuslimin Wamubarak 1982-2007, Beirut, Center for Arab Unity Studies, 1st Edition, 2009
Youssef Al-Qaradawi, Zahirat Alghulw Fi Altakfir, Cairo, Islamic Printing and Publishing House, 1st Edition, 1987
Gazzar Mostafa, Tathir Alharakat Al’iislamiah Alsiyasiah Almueasirah A’laa Alaistiqrar Alsiyasiy Fi Alwatan Alearabiy, Algeria, Academic Journal for Social and Human Studies, Issue 15, 2016
Shligm Ghaniha, Alharakat Al’iislamiah Min Altataruf Aldiyniy ‘Iilaa Alaietidal Alsiyasiy (Dirasah Sosio Siasah), Algeria, Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Qasdi Merbah and Ouargla University, Second Issue, 2012
Abdel-Ilah Belkaziz, Aldawlah Waldiyn Fi Alaijtimae Alearabiy Al’iislamiy, Beirut, Knowledge Forum for Publishing and Distribution, 1st Edition, 2015
Fawaz Gerges, Al’amrikiuwn Wal’iislam Alsyasiy: Tathir Aleawamil Alddakhiliah Fi Alsiyasat Alkharijiah Al’amrikiah, The Arab Future, No. 217, 1997
Muhammad Ramadan Bashandi, Altahawulat Alfikriah Waltanzimiah Liharakat Al’islam Alsiyasiy Fi Misr Fi Eahd Mubarak, Cairo, Helwan University Journal, College of Commerce and Business Administration, Department of “Political Science”, 2012
Mahmoud Sedky, Alhudud Alsharqia .. Makhatir Mutaeadidah, Cairo, Al-Hiwar Journal, Al-Hiwar Center for Political and Media Studies, Volume Two, Number 5, January 2015
Mukhles Al-Sayyadi, Alharakat Al’iislamiat Almuasirah: Rada Fiel ‘Am Istijabah Litahaddin?, The Arab Future Magazine, Issue 369, 2009
William Galston, Aleunf Aldiyniy ‘Am Altaeadudiah Aldiyniah?: The Necessity of Choice, Muscat, Ministry of Endowments and Religious Affairs, Tolerance Magazine, Issue 15, 2006
Bilal Mahmoud Al-Shobaki, Alitaghyir Alsiyasii Min Manzur Harakat Al’islam Alsiyasii Fi Aldiffah Algharbiah Waqitae Ghazzah: Harakat Hamas Namuzajaan, Nablus, Unpublished Master Thesis, College of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, 2007,
Rawa Jassim Al-Saadi, Al’islam Alsyasy: Hizb Aleadalah Waltanmiah Fi Turkia Wadawruhu Fi Altaghyir Alsiyasiy, Jordan, Unpublished MA Thesis, Middle East University, 2010
Sherine Fahmy, Altaghayir Fi Haykal Alfuras Alsiyasiah Fi Marahil Alhirak Althawri: Dirasah Halat Jamaeat Al’iikhwan Almuslimin Fi Misr, Cairo, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, 2018
Ali Dasan Al-Heqish, Alsiyasat Alkharijiat Al’amrikiat Tijah Harakat Al’islam Alsiyasiy Fi Ala’lam Ala’rabiy (2002-2011), Jordan, Unpublished Master Thesis, Middle East University, 2012
Hala Sayed Mostafa, Alnizam Alsiyasiy Waistiratijiah Altaeamul Mae Alharakat Al’iislamiah Almuearadah Dirasat Halah Misr (1970-1989), Cairo, Unpublished Master Thesis, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, 1994
Irwaa Fakhri Abd al-Latif, Al’islam Alsiyasiu Fi Misr Baed Altaghyir Wasueud Hizb Alhuriyah Waleadalah, University of Baghdad, College of Languages ,. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=94816
Altaqrir Alssabie Liltanmiat Althaqafia “Alearab Bayn Maasi Alhadir Wa’ahlam Altaghyir Arba’ Sanawat Min Alrabi’ Alearabiy, Beirut, Arab Thought Foundation, Seventh Issue, 2014
Hanna Issa, Anmat Altaghyir Alsiyasiy, Amad News Network website, October 2, 2016. https://www.amad.ps
Fahmi Howeidi, Liuhsam Alikhwan Mawqifihim Min Aleunf Wal’irhab, Al-Jazeera Net, March 25, 2014. www.aljazeera.net
Muhammad Suleiman, Altaghyir Alsiyasiy Eind Almawdudi, Al-Asr Magazine website, December 25, 2003. http://alasr.ws/articles/view/4854
Mukhtar Awad and Mustafa Hashem, Tasaeud Altamarud Al’iislamii Fi Misr, Carnegie Middle East Center, October 21, 2015, available online. http://carnegie-mec.org/
“Egypt Criticizes U.S. after Congressional Delegation Meets with Muslim Brotherhood Lawmaker,” The BBS ClunchFans, May 28, 2007, http://bbs.clutchfans.net/showthread.php?t=130220
Robert Dreyfuss, Devil’s Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam. (New York: Henry Holt, 2005
Tarek Osama, Egypt on the Brink: from Nasser to Mubarak, London: Yale University Press, 2010
DOI: 10.46722/hkmh.4.1.21n