ISMAIL, Saheed Alamu; ENGKU ALI, Engku Muhammad Tajuddin. تطوير الأوضاع الاقتصادية والمالية في عهد الخلفاء الراشدين: The Development of Economic and Financial Conditions during The Era of The Rightly Guided Caliphs. AL-HIKMAH: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES AND HUMAN SCIENCES, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 2, p. 177–197, 2026. Disponível em: https://alhikmah.my/index.php/hikmah/article/view/689. Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.